Handbook of distributed generation : electric power technologies, economics and environmental impacts / Ramesh Bansal.

Includes index.

1 Distributed Renewable Energy Technologies; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Solar Photovoltaic Technology; 1.2.1 Solar Cell Working Principle; 1.2.2 Solar Cell Electrical Characteristics; 1.2.3 Photovoltaic Systems for Distributed Generation; 1.3 Wind Technology; 1.3.1 Wind Energy Conversion; 1.3.2 Wind Energy Technologies; 1.3.3 Fixed-Speed Wind Turbine; 1.3.4 Variable-Speed Wind Turbine; 1.3.5 Fully Rated Converter (FRC) Wind Turbine; 1.3.6 Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) Wind Turbine; 1.3.7 Model for SCIG Power Flow Calculation. 1.3.8 Maximum Power Point Tracking for Variable-Speed Wind Turbines1.3.9 Advantages of Wind Power; 1.3.10 Disadvantages of Wind Power; 1.4 Biomass/Biogas Technology; 1.4.1 Biomass Estimation; 1.4.2 Biomass Combustion; 1.4.3 Hydrogen Production from Biomass; 1.4.4 Biogas Technology; 1.4.5 Biogas Composition; 1.4.6 Operating Parameters; 1.4.7 Anaerobic Digestion Overview; 1.4.8 Advantages and Disadvantages of Biogas Technology; 1.4.9 Biogas Technology Applications; 1.4.10 Biogas for Mobility; 1.4.11 Generation of Electricity and Heat (CHP); 1.4.12 Biogas for the Natural Gas Grid. 1.5 Small Hydroelectric Power Plants for Distributed Generation1.5.1 Overview; 1.5.2 Components of a Small Hydropower System; 1.5.3 System Parameters; 1.6 Fuel Cells; 1.6.1 Basic Structure; 1.6.2 Types of Fuel Cells; 1.6.3 Applications; 1.7 Geothermal Technology; 1.7.1 Current Status of the Geothermal Potential in the World; 1.7.2 The Technical, Economic and Environmental Benefits of Geothermal Energy; 1.7.3 Comparison of Geothermal Energy with Other Renewable Energy Resources; 1.7.4 Geothermal Technology Applications; 1.7.5 Direct-Use Applications; 1.7.6 Heat Pumps. 1.7.7 Geothermal Electricity Production1.7.8 Direct Dry Steam; 1.7.9 Flash Steam Power Plants; 1.7.10 Binary Cycle Power Plants; 1.7.11 Levels of Emission from Different Types of Geothermal Energy Power Plants; 1.7.12 Challenges of Geothermal Technologies; 1.8 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion; 1.8.1 Technology Types; 1.8.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of OTEC; 1.9 Conclusion; References; 2 Non-renewable Distributed Generation Technologies: A Review; 2.1 Introduction; 2.1.1 Technology Description of the Reciprocating Engines; 2.1.1.1 Comparative Analysis of the Reciprocating Engines. 2.1.1.2 Applications of the Reciprocating EnginesStandby Power; Peak Shaving; Grid Support; Combined Heat and Power; 2.1.2 Classes of Reciprocating Engines; 2.1.2.1 Methods of Igniting the Fuels; 2.1.2.2 Operation of a Diesel Engine; 2.1.2.3 Operation of a Spark-Ignition Engine; 2.1.2.4 Operating Cycle or Number of Strokes; 2.1.2.5 Speed; High Speed; Medium Speed; Low Speed; Ratings; Standby Generators; Prime Generators; Continues Generators; 2.1.3 Performance of Reciprocating Engines; 2.1.3.1 Heat Rate; 2.1.3.2 Efficiency; 2.1.3.3 Capacity Factor; 2.1.3.4 Load Factor; 2.1.4 Emissions.

This book features extensive coverage of all Distributed Energy Generation technologies, highlighting the technical, environmental and economic aspects of distributed resource integration, such as line loss reduction, protection, control, storage, power electronics, reliability improvement, and voltage profile optimization. It explains how electric power system planners, developers, operators, designers, regulators and policy makers can derive many benefits with increased penetration of distributed generation units into smart distribution networks. It further demonstrates how to best realize these benefits via skillful integration of distributed energy sources, based upon an understanding of the characteristics of loads and network configuration.