Growth inhibitory effects of Makabuhay stem extract : [manuscript] a proposed infographic material / Eloisa S. Mendoza

Thesis (MAEd-Gen Sci) BPSU, 2019.

This experimental study aims to evaluate the growth inhibitory effects of the Makabuhay (Tinospora cordifolia) stem extract in bacteria. Single-case experimental design was used wherein a treatment is successively administered over time to different dependent variables. In this study, the treatment was the Makabuhay stem extract which was administered to two groups of bacteria: the Gram positive bacteria which is the Staphylococcus aureus and Gram negative bacteria which is the Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Hence, in this experimental research, the independent variable is the Makabuhay stem extract while the two-bacterium mentioned are the dependent variables. It evaluated the phytochemical properties of Makabuhay (Tinospora cordifolia) stem extract. It also assessed the extent to which the stem extract of the said plant was able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium. The findings of the study are used to propose infographic learning materials that can be used as instructional materials in teaching this lesson to students in Science. Based on the findings of the study, it was revealed that the phytochemical properties present in the Makabuhay (Tinospora cordifolia) stem extract are alkaloids, deoxysugars, tannins, plant steroids, triterpenes and fats and oils. The Makabuhay stem extract has a low susceptibility to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli while it did not inhibit Salmonella typhimurium. Also, the extract can be further developed and enhance as bacterial growth inhibitors following processes composed of plant bioassays, chemistry analysis, toxicology tests and clinical trials. Infographic learning materials on Makabuhay stem were developed. vi Also, the infographic learning materials on Makabuhay (Tinospora cordifolia) stem should be tested, evaluated and further reformed to reach its full potential of teaching the students.